The very first reference to rabies I can remember was when I was reading an article in a book as a young boy. The chapter went on to discuss why rabies was at that time also known as hydrophobia (literally: fear of water). I always recall being fascinated by this bizarre condition which was responsible for such peculiar, dramatic and lethal consequences.

I am very pleased to say that despite my chosen profession I have, thus far, never seen at firsthand the effects of this horrific disease. Even in 2005 rabies is considered the most dangerous infection that humans can acquire from animals.

Foxes are the main reservoir of infection in Europe and Canada. Whilst dogs remain the most important vector for transmision to humans in developing countries some readers may be surprised to learn that not only are cats more susceptible to the disease but account for more rabid bites to people in the USA than any other species.

Initially clinical signs are non specific: restlessness, anorexia and vomiting. Given that these presenting symptoms account for the majority of unwell patients that I might see you will appreciate how grateful I am that as a result of the UK's rabies free status I do not have to consider this disease as a possibility every time I see an unwell patient!

As the disease progresses and the virus attacks the nervous system a variety of symptoms appear. Paralysis of the lower jaw and the muscles involved in swallowing occurs. This results in the loss of lots of saliva and the inability of the patient to drink despite an apparent thirst thus accounting for the so called "hydrophobia". Cats are far more likely to exhibit visciousness and attack than dogs. Death from respiratory failure then occurs within 3-6 days.

Goldie